Dillehay and his team announced the discovery of three irrigation canals that were 5400 years old, and a possible fourth that was 6700 years old in the Zaña Valley in northern Peru. In the early 21st century, archeologists discovered new evidence of ancient pre-Ceramic complex cultures. Caral was considered one of the cradles of civilization. The remnants of this civilization, also known as Norte Chico, consists of approximately 30 pyramidal structures built up in receding terraces ending in a flat roof some of them measuring up to 20 meters in height. The first known city in the Americas was Caral, located in the Supe Valley 200 km north of Lima. As a result, new societies emerged along the coast and in the Andean mountains. Inhabitants practiced spinning and knitting of cotton and wool, basketry, and pottery.Īs these inhabitants became sedentary, farming allowed them to build settlements.
Cultivation of plants such as corn and cotton ( Gossypium barbadense) began, as well as the domestication of animals such as the wild ancestors of the llama, the alpaca and the guinea pig, as seen in the 6000 BC dated Camelid relief paintings in the Mollepunko caves in Callalli.
Over the next three thousand years, inhabitants switched from nomadic lifestyles to cultivating land, as evidenced from sites such as Jiskairumoko, Kotosh, and Huaca Prieta. Some of the oldest civilizations appeared circa 6000 BC in the coastal provinces of Chilca and Paracas, and in the highland province of Callejón de Huaylas. Hunting tools dating back to more than 11,000 years ago have been found inside the caves of Pachacamac, Telarmachay, Junin, and Lauricocha. Tiwanaku and Wari culture at its largest territorial extent, 950 CE.
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